Can I use a single radio button field collect the data?
You haven't clarified what the data even is so I've no idea.
If so, based on plan selected, the unwanted options should be removed. Eg for plan 2 only options 6 to 10 should be displayed. The other options should be hidden. Is this possible?
Based off CBSubs plan, no. CBSubs can only hide entire fields based off plan selection. So you may need to break your radio field up into several so it can be conditioned based off plan selection.
Is there any limit to the number of options in a Radio button field? If so, what's the maximum limit?
There's no limit, but I don't recommend having a significant amount as it'd be hard for users to use the field.