CBSubs isn't really designed to be used like that so no it doesn't have features to accommodate that easily.
You can use CB Auto Actions to insert a new field, but it has no storage behavior so you'd need to try and force that as well using CB Auto Actions. The below for example can render content before the donation input of a donation plan.
Global
Triggers: onCPayBeforeDrawPlan
Type: Code
User: Automatic
Access: Everybody
Conditions
Field: Custom > Value
Custom Value: [var1_id]
Operator: Equal To
Value: DONATION_PLAN_ID_HERE
Action
Method: HTML
Code:
Output
Display: return
You could then probably use onCPayBeforeStorePaymentBasketUpdated to store that inputs value into the baskets integration parameters. The entire process is complicated, may not work, and isn't really designed for this. In the future we may support custom fields for plans though.
There's also the following triggers that CBSubs Promotions uses to add the coupon field to the basket. Maybe it'd make more sense to develop a custom plugin that adds your custom inputs in the basket instead.
onCbSubsAfterPaymentBasket
onCPayEditBasketIntegration