You can link to a tab by including &tab=TAB_ID_OR_TAB_NAME_OR_TAB_CLASS. It's best to use tab id. Example as follows.
index.php?option=com_comprofiler&tab=18
You can find tab id within CB > Tab Management in the far right column. You can't link to the nested tabs inside of the Groups tab however.
The formatname field generates all the HTML however and you won't be able to append the &tab parameter to the URL. You'll need to manually construct the HTML and then add the name inside of it using profile view (instead of list) of the formatname field (doesn't have HTML). The below API can generate the URL for you, including to a specific tab.
Code:
$_CB_framework->userProfileUrl( USER_ID, true, TAB_ID )