Okay, just to give something back to the community
I solved my task by using the CB Conditionals plugin.
First I created all fields that I needed.
Second, I used the first field of each group of fields as the condition for the rest of the group and each following group. I.e. if the first field of a group contains a value, then the rest of the group is shown and thefirst field of the following group.
Displaying the groups of data had me pull my hair out a bit.
I looked into several solutions using third party plugins, but atm I had to solve it quick and dirty
The tricky part was to have the table expand with each new entry in the front end. I did this by creating a table with just one row and the colums that I needed. I then used delimiter fields for each group of entries. Since I had no idea on how to have the data displayed in a formatted way I of course used the columns, so that they aligned below each other. But why just one row? Because so the expansion works. If I had used single cells the whole table would have been shown, but empty. And with 30+ entries it would have been one very empty page.
SO! The next task was to make sure that, since I had only one column, the fields stayed grouped, i.e. if group 4 was not filled out completely, then the following entries would go up into the wrong row. I solved this by simply entering a "-" as a placeholder into the field that most likely would be left empty
Now I wish that it would be possible to copy complete fields in the field manager. But I read that this will be included in CB 2.0. Can´t wait for that release