You can test against a users usergroups or view access levels using the below usages.
[cb:if viewaccesslevel includes "1"]I am Public[/cb:if]
[cb:if viewaccesslevel !includes "1"]I am NOT Public[/cb:if]
[cb:if gids includes "2"]I have Registered Usergroup[/cb:if]
[cb:if gids !includes "2"]I do NOT have Registered Usergroup[/cb:if]
Ideally you should only use view access levels. I've no idea if/when the gids usage may change as we change how usergroups are handled to better match Joomla behavior.
Both of the above are exampled at the bottom of the substitutions tutorial found below.
www.joomlapolis.com/support/tutorials/107-use-cases/18353-using-substitutions-throughout-cb
You could use such a usage in a Custom HTML field to show an image based off their view access level for example.