Thank you, problem solved.
Fatal error: Allowed memory size of 268435456 bytes exhausted (tried to allocate 58722328 bytes) in /.../libraries/joomla/database/driver.php on line 2047
I raised the memory size, this leads me to an other error 0 (JSON).
A post in your forum gave me the answer:
"It is important to see what the JASON error causes: Its not the update itself. In the update of Joomla the developers built in a check, whether JASON decoded parameters are presented correctly or not. In case if not, it throws the error we are talking about. The problem is, that those incorrect parameters were written into the database a long time ago by components or plugins. Sometimes this may have been done also during the creation of a website by using a copying routine. In dont know what exactly it was. In my case the Jason error was caused by those mess of /// and .... and """ in the params column of the user table. I have been using Community Builder for a long time and the params therefore have been written only by CB. Maybe that a malicious peace of code in Joomla did the rest, but the result was a chaotic string in the params column. In case you dont want to review every single line manually and correct this into a correct string readable for the JASON routine, then just use this mysql Statement to let your server do the work:
UPDATE `XXXX_users` SET `params` = '{}'.
Please note: XXXX has to be replaced by your database-prefix, that your Joomla uses in your MYSQL database.
Keep in mind, what Krileon said above: This will reset ALL user parameters to default state."
Thank you!